Incretin research moved from single-receptor to multi-receptor agonism over roughly a decade. The published record is unusually legible: large randomised trials, pre-registered endpoints and full results in the major journals.
Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, was characterised in the STEP programme. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, was characterised in SURPASS and SURMOUNT. Retatrutide, a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist, has been reported in phase 2.
Each trial enrolled a defined population — most commonly adults with overweight or obesity — under a specific protocol. Results describe those populations under those conditions; they are not a general claim about every physiology.
We link the primary publications rather than summarise them. Materials supplied by NORTEAVA are for laboratory research by qualified purchasers and are not the clinical products described in these papers.
Research Status
Substantial randomized human clinical trial literature exists for each named compound within the populations studied (overweight/obesity, and phase 2 for the newest agent).
Selected Research
- Wilding JPH, et al. (STEP 1 Study Group). Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 2021.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
- Jastreboff AM, et al. (SURMOUNT-1 Investigators). Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 2022.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
- Jastreboff AM, et al.. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. New England Journal of Medicine, 2023.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
- ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered studies of retatrutide. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2024.
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